Class Distinctions and Internal Struggle in the Works of...

Class Distinctions and Internal Struggle in the Works of James Joyce In the early twentieth century, Ireland, and more specifically Dublin, was a place defined by class distinctions. There were the wealthy, worldly upper-class who owned large, stately townhouses in the luxurious neighborhoods and the less fortunate, uneducated poor who lived in any shack they could afford in the middle of the city. For the most part, the affluent class was Protestant, while the struggling workers were overwhelmingly Catholic. These distinctions were the result of nearly a century of disparity in income, education, language, and occupation, and in turn were the fundamental bases for the internal struggle that many of Joyces characters feel.†¦show more content†¦For example, as Eveline looks out her window onto the street below, she notes that a man walking by is headed toward the new red houses (Joyce 329). She talks of how the area used to be a field full of carefree children, but is now nothing more than a plot of dwellings, presumably built to accommodate t he wealthy as they move to the country, that contrast sharply with her own. She also delights at sitting with Frank in an area of the theater that was unfamiliar to her, probably because she could not normally afford the seats. Similarly, in A Little Cloud, Little Chandler passes a number of underprivileged, dirty children in the street but takes no notice of them, illustrating how common this scene was in the poorer areas of Dublin. Joyce also spends some time describing the establishment in which Little Chandler meets with Gallaher. He points out to the reader that Little Chandler did not have enough money to even consider entering the tavern before; he could not even hire a servant to help with the baby or pay off the furniture. 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To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish